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Secular Investiture by the Ring: Poynings

A ruby ring is described as the 'Charter of Poynings,' in the will of Sir Michael de Poynings, in 1386. Poynings, in the neighbourhood of Brighton, was the seat of this ancient family from a period soon after the Conquest till the year 1446, when the barony, owing to the marriage of the heiress, merged into the earldom of Northumberland, and became extinct in 1679. Michael de Poynings, a banneret under Edward III. at the battle of Crecy, amongst other grants, left to his heir the ruby ring 'which is the charter of my heritage of Poynings.' This ruby ring of inheritance, the charter of the 'Sires of Ponynges,' came into possession of his son Thomas, and then to his second son Richard.

According to tradition the famous Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon, in the reign of Henry III., settled the boundaries of certain disputed parishes by flinging her ring into a marsh, hence called 'Ring in the Mire.' So late as the sixteenth century the conveyance of property by means of a ring may be remarked in the following passage or item in the will of Anne Barrett, of Bury, dated 1504, 'My maryeng ryng wt. all thynggs thereon.' It is worthy of note that among the numerous kinds of evidence allowed in courts of law to establish a pedigree, engravings on rings are admitted upon the presumption that a person would not wear a ring with an error upon it.1 John O'Molony, Bishop of Limerick in 1687, who, after the siege of that city, followed James II. to Paris, where he assisted in the foundation of a University for the education of Irish priests, left a gold ring at his death, which was to be sent to, and to denote, the head branch of the family. This conferred the privilege to have any of the name of Molony brought up as priests at the University, free of expense.

The custom of serjeants presenting rings on taking the The use of a seal, or signet-ring, for the purchase of property is mentioned in the Bible. In Jeremiah the formalities are thus given: 'And I bought the field of Hanameel, and weighed him the money, even seventeen shekels of silver. And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances. So I took the evidence of the purchase, both hat which was sealed, according to the law and custom, and that which was open' (chap. xxxii.). coif, has formed the subject of some interesting notices in that valuable work 'Notes and Queries.' Mr. Serjeant Wynne in his observations touching the antiquity and dignity of serjeants-at-law (1765) remarks: 'The first introduction of rings themselves on this occasion of making serjeants is as doubtful as that of mottoes. They are taken notice of by Fortescue in the time of Henry VI., and in the several regulations for general calls, in Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth's time. Whatever is the antiquity of these rings, that of mottoes seems to fall short of them at least a century. That in the 19th and 20th Elizabeth (1576-77) may perhaps be the first, because till that time they are no more inentioned. When Dugdale speaks of the posies that were usual, he must be understood to speak of the usages of his own time.' The motto which Serjeant Wynne notices as of the earliest occurrence in 19th and 20th Elizabeth was 'Lex regis præsidium.'1 In the 'Diary of a Resident in London' (Henry Machyn, Camden Society) we find that on October 17, 1552, 'was made vii serjants of the coyffe, who gayf to (the judges) and the old serjants, and men of the law, rynges of gold, every serjant gayf lyke rynges.' In the inventory of the effects of Henry Howard, K.G., Earl of Northampton (1614), (Archæologia, vol. ii., part ii., page 350) we find 'v serjeantis ringes waighinge one ounce, three quarters, four graines.' These were presentations to him in his official capacity of Lord Privy Seal. -1 In the Braybrooke Collection is a gold band-ring with a similar inscription, found at Wimbish, in Essex. It is noticed in the seventh volume of the 'Archæological Institute Journal, p. 196, and is described as a serjeant-at-law's gold ring, the hoop of an inch in width, and of equal thickness; the motto 'Lex regis præsidium.' Serjeant Wynne brings his list of the serjeants called down to the year 1765, and gives, in most cases, the mottoes, which were not confined, it seems, to individuals, but adopted by the whole call. He remarks that in late years they have been strictly classical in their phrase, and often elegant in their application-whether in expressing the just idea of regal liberty-in a wish for the preservation of the family, or in a happy allusion to some public event, and, at the same time, a kind of prophetic declaration of its success. In the same work will be found an account of the expense and weight of the rings-that these matters were important appears from an extract in I Modern Reports, case 30: 'Seventeen serjeants being made the 14th day of November (1669?), a daye or two after, Serjeant Powis, the junior of them all, coming to the King's Bench Bar, Lord Chief Justice Kelynge told him 'that he had something to say to him, viz., that the rings which he and the rest of the serjeants had given weighed but eighteen shillings apiece; whereas Fortescue, in his book "De Laudibus Legum Angliæ," says "the rings given to the Chief Justices and to the Chief Baron ought to weigh twenty shillings apiece," and that he spoke not this expecting a recompense, but that it might not be drawn into a precedent, and that the young gentlemen there might take notice of it.' With regard to the cost of the serjeants' rings, and the parties to whom they are presented, Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., writes in 'Notes and Queries' that on June 8, 1705, fifteen serjeants-at-law took the customary oaths at the Chancery Bar, and delivered to the Lord Keeper a ring for the Queen, and another to H.R.H. Prince George of Denmark, each ring being worth 61. 135. 4d. The Lord Keeper, and the Lord Treasurer, Lord Steward, Lord Privy Seal, Lord High Chamberlain, Master of the Household, Lord Chamberlain, and the two Chief Justices, each received a ring of the value of 18s. ; the Lord Chief Baron, the Master of the Rolls, the Justices of either Bench, and two Chief Secretaries, each, one worth 16s.; the Chief Steward and Comptroller, each a ring valued at 17.; the Marshal, Warden of the Fleet, every Serjeant-at-law, the Attorney- General and Solicitor-General, each a ring worth 125.; the three Barons of Exchequer, one each of IOS. ; the two Clerks of the Crown, the three Prothonotaries, the Clerks of the Warrants, the Prothonotary of Queen's Bench, and the Chirographer, each a ring worth 5s.; each Filazer and Exigenter, the Clerk of the Council, and the Custom Brevium, each a ring that cost 2s. 6d. The motto on the rings was 'Moribus, armis, legibus.' On the admission of fourteen serjeants in 1737, 1,409 rings were given away, at a cost of 7731, and besides this number, others were made for each serjeant's own account, to be given to friends at the bar, which came to more than all the rest of the expense.