Seedlings may be successfully taken from the forest.

8. Planted white pine uncrowded grows faster than native pine for twenty years, perhaps longer.

9. Trees set 4 x 4 feet apart should be thinned by removing half of them at fifteen years. Set 4 x 6 feet, remove half at thirty years.

10. Pruning lower limbs as high as axe can be used converts third-grade pine trees into first grade. It should be done in mid-summer, when resin will cover the wounds completely. The trees need pruning ten years after planting. They will be fifteen feet high, with lower limbs still alive. The cut should be clean and close to the bark.

11. It pays to prune only trees intended for first-class lumber--trees to grow at least sixty years. Knots do not lower the price of trees cut at thirty to forty years for box boards.

12. Chestnut, rock maple and red oak are first-class trees to plant with white pine. They furnish protection to growing seedlings, they prune the pines by rubbing lower limbs, and are ready for removal when they begin to crowd. They are then big enough for posts and fuel.

13. The best way to fix shifting sand or gravel is to get tree roots established in it. Washing and gullying of the soil of farms is best remedied by the same means. Worn-out soil is best restored to fertility by growing a crop of trees on it.

An estimate, summarising the facts obtained by the special agent of the Bureau of Forestry, and averaging the actual cost and profits of intelligent white-pine culture in various parts of New England, is herewith set down:

Average cost of land per acre . . . . . $4.00

Average cost of raising seedlings and planting . . . . . 4.84

Average taxes at 2 per cent. for 40 years . . . . . 3.20

Total . . . . . $12.04

Compounding interest on each item for forty years brings the total cost per acre to $50.99. An average yield is forty cords of box-board timber worth $4 per cord from each acre. This is worth on the stump $160. Deducting the cost, $50.99, a balance of $109.01 remains as net profit. This is a net annual return of $1.15 per acre, with 4 per cent. compound interest computed for forty years. Twenty years added greatly increases the profits.

The New England farmer cannot help the Kansas farmer, except to prove that principles are universal in application. Forestry is not alone for the corporation and the state. It is practicable also on a limited area, and the smaller the woodlot the more simple the problem and the more perfectly it may be solved.