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Genus Pseudotsuga, the Douglas Spruce

DD. Leaves 4-angled, or flattened, without petioles.

E. Twigs rough; cones pendant.

Genus PICEA, THE SPRUCES

EE. Twigs smooth; cones erect.

Genus ABIES, THE FIRS

BB. Cone scales without bracts.

C. Leaves linear, alternate; cone scales many.

D. Seeds many under each scale; leaves evergreen.

Genus SEQUOIA, THE SEQUOIAS

DD. Seeds 2 under each scale; leaves 2-ranked, deciduous.