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Black Flies and Buffalo Gnats

Black Flies and Buffalo Gnats
Families Orphnephilidae, Blepharoceridae and Rhyphidae

2026 Editor's Note: While these insects are often grouped by their appearance, modern entomology identifies Simulium venustum as a particularly aggressive biter that targets humans during the spring. Unlike many other biting pests, black flies use blade-like mouthparts to slash the skin rather than piercing it. In extreme cases, these swarms have been known to kill animals through severe blood loss, though they are primarily a nuisance that can fly over 10 miles from their aquatic breeding sources. (Ed: GG 2026-08-11)

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