The Curious Lore of Precious Stones

Talismans and birth-stones, crystal balls and the High Priest's breastplate — Tiffany's own gem expert gathered every superstition, legend and cure ever credited to a precious stone.

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Birth-Stones: Natal

FEBRUARY Natal stone Amethyst. Guardian angel Barchiel. His talismanic gem Jasper. Special apostle Andrew. His gem Carbuncle. Zodiacal sign Pisces. Flower Primrose.

The February-born may find Sincerity and peace of mind, Freedom from passion and from care, If she an amethyst will wear.

Let her an amethyst but cherish well, And strife and care can never with her dwell.

MARCH Natal stone Jasper, bloodstone. Guardian Angel Malchediel. His talismanic gem Ruby. Special apostles James and John. Their gem Emerald. Zodiacal sign Aries. Flower Ipomoea, violet.

Who on this world of ours her eyes In March first opens may be wise In days of peril firm and brave, Wears she a bloodstone to her grave. Who wears a jasper, be life short or long, Will meet all dangers brave and wise and strong.

APRIL Natal stone Diamond, sapphire. Guardian angel Ashmodei. His talismanic gem Topaz. Special apostle Philip. His gem Carnelian. Zodiacal sign Taurus. Flower Daisy.

She who from April dates her years Diamonds should wear, lest bitter tears For vain repentance flow. This stone Emblem of innocence is known. Innocence, repentance--sun and shower- The diamond or the sapphire is her dower.

MAY Natal stone Emerald. Guardian angel Amriel. His talismanic gem Carbuncle. Special apostle Bartholomew. His gem Chrysolite. Zodiacal sign Gemini. Flower Hawthorn.

Who first beholds the light of day In spring's sweet flow'ry month of May, And wears and emerald all her life, Shall be a loved and happy wife. No happier wife and mother in the land Than she with emerald shining on her hand.

JUNE Natal stone Agate. Guardian angel Muriel. His talismanic gem Emerald. Special apostle Thomas. His gem Beryl. Zodiacal sign Cancer. Flower Honeysuckle. Who comes with summer to this earth, And owes to June her hour of birth, With ring of agate on her hand Can health, long life, and wealth command. Thro' the moss-agate's charm, the happy years Ne'er see June's golden sunshine turn to tears.

JULY Natal stone Turquoise. Guardian angel Verchiel. His talismanic gem Sapphire. Special apostle Matthew. His gem Topaz. Zodiacal sign Leo. Flower Water-lily. The heav'n-blue turquoise should adorn All those who in July are born; For those they'll be exempt and free From love's doubts and anxiety. No other gem than turquoise on her breast Can to the loving, doubting heart bring rest.

AUGUST Natal stone Carnelian. Guardian angel Hamatiel. His talismanic gem Diamond. Special apostle James, the son of Alpheus. His gem Sardonyx. Zodiacal sign Virgo. Flower Poppy.

Wear a carnelian or for thee No conjugal felicity; The August-born without this stone, 'Tis said, must live unloved, alone.

She, loving once and always, wears, if wise, Carnelian-and her home is paradise.

SEPTEMBER Natal stone Chrysolite. Guardian angel Tsuriel. His talismanic gem Jacinth. Special apostle Lebbeus Thaddeus. His gem Chrysoprase. Zodiacal sign Libra. Flower Morning-glory.

A maid born when September leaves Are rustling in the autumn breeze, A chrysolite on brow should bind- 'Twill cure diseases of the mind. If chrysolite upon her brow is laid, Follies and dark delusions flee afraid. OCTOBER Natal stone Beryl. Guardian angel Bariel. His talismanic gem Agate. Special apostle Simon. (Zelotes.) His gem Jacinth. Zodiacal sign Scorpio. Flower Hops. October's child is born for woe, And life's vicissitudes must know; But lay a beryl on her breast, And Hope will lull those woes to rest. When fair October to her brings the beryl, No longer need she fear misfortune's peril.

NOVEMBER Natal stone Topaz. Guardian anger Adnachiel. His talismanic gem Amethyst. Special apostle Matthias. His gem Amethyst. Zodiacal sign Sagittarius. Flower Chrysanthemum.

Who first comes to this world below With drear November's fog and snow Should prize the topaz's amber hue- Emblem of friends and lovers true. Firm friendship is November's, and she bears True love beneath the topaz that she wears.

DECEMBER Natal stone Ruby. Guardian angel Humiel. His talismanic gem Beryl. Special apostle Paul. His gem Sapphire. Zodiacal sign Capricornus. Flower Holly. If cold December give you birth- The month of snow and ice and mirth- Place on your hand a ruby true; Success will bless whate'er you do. December gives her fortune, love and fame If amulet of rubies bear her name. A HINDU LIST OF GEMS OF THE MONTHS (Surindro Mohun Tagore, "Mani Mala," Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881.) April Diamond May Emerald June Pearl July Sapphire August Ruby September Zircon October Coral November Cat's-eye December Topaz January Serpent-stone February Chandrakanta March The gold Siva-linga When the zodiacal signs were engraved on gems to give them special virtues and render them of greater efficacy for those born under a given sign, the Hebrew characters designating the sign (or at least the initial character) were often cut upon the gem. As the letters in which the earliest of our sacred writings were written, a peculiar sanctity was often ascribed to these Hebrew characters, which were perhaps the more highly valued that they were unknown to the owners of the gems, and hence possessed a certain air of mystery for them. The subjoined list of the signs with the Hebrew equivalents may be of interest on this account.

HEBREW NAMES OF THE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC Libra Moznayim Scorpio Akrab Sagittarius Keshet Capricornus Gedi Aquarius Deli Pisces Dagim Aries Taleh Taurus Shor Gemini Te'omim Cancer Sartan Leo Aryeh Virgo Betulah GEMS OF WEEK DAYS Sunday: Topaz--diamond. The bairn that is born On Sonnan's sweet day Is blithe and is bonnie, Is happy and gay.

Sunday's talismanic gem: the pearl. Monday: Pearl--crystal. The bairn that is born Of Monan's sweet race Is lovely in feature And fair in the face. Monday's talismanic gem: the emerald.

Tuesday: Ruby--emerald. If Tuisco assists And at birth keeps apace, The bairn will be born With a soul full of grace.

Tuesday's talismanic gem: the topaz.

Wednesday: Amethyst--loadstone. But if Woden be there, Many tears will he sow, And the bairn will be born But for sadness and woe.

Wednesday's talismanic gem: the turquoise.

Thursday: Sapphire--carnelian. Jove's presence at birth Means a long swath to mow, For if born on Thor's day Thou hast far, far to go. Thursday's talismanic gem: the sapphire.

Friday : Emerald--cat's-eye. If Venus shall bless thee, Thou shalt bless many living; For Friga's bairn truly Is loving and giving. Friday's talismanic gem: the ruby.

Saturday: Turquoise--diamond. Seater-daeg's bairn In sweat shall be striving, For Saturn has doomed it To work for a living.

Saturday's talismanic gem: the amethyst.

No gems have afforded more interest to the Oriental peoples than those that are known as phenomenal gems; that is, such as exhibit a phenomenal quality, either as a moving line as in the chrysoberyl cat's-eye, or the quartz cat's-eye, or as a star, a class represented by the star-sapphire and the star-ruby, all these being considered to bring good fortune to the wearer. A splendid star-sapphire is in the hilt of the sword presented as an Easter gift to King Constantine of Greece, then Prince Constantine, by the Greeks of America, on Easter Day 1913. (The star-sapphire has already been described on pp. 106, 107.) This ornate and beautiful sword was made by Tiffany & Co. Then there is the alexandrite cat's-eye which, in addition to its chatoyant effect, changes from green to red, showing its natural color by day and glowing with a ruddy hue by artificial light. The cat's-eye effect here is caused by a twinning of the crystal; that is, when the gem is cut, with a dome, across the twinning line, this shows itself as a smooth band of white light, with a translucent or transparent space at one side, the line varying in sharpness and in breadth as the illumination becomes more intense. If the light is very bright, the line is no wider than the thinnest possible silver or platinum wire.

The quartz cat's-eye, less distinct than the chrysoberyl cat's-eye, is also found in the East, and possesses the property that when cut straight across, an apparent striation in the stone produces the cat's-eye effect, but the material is not so rich or brilliant nor is the gem as beautiful as is the true cat's-eye. The alexandrite variety of chrysoberyl is colored by chromium and is dichroitic, appearing green when viewed in one direction and red in another; in artificial light, however, the green color is lost and the red alone becomes apparent.

The moonstone, with its moonlike, silvery-white light, changes on the surface as the light varies. This is due to a chatoyancy produced by a reflection caused by certain cleavage planes present in feldspar of the variety to which the moonstone belongs.

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