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Third Group (With blue in the plumage)

With blue in the plumage.

I. Length 11.50; a conspicuous crest; upper parts dull blue; under parts whitish; a black patch on the breast 477. BLUE JAY.

II. Length 7.00; upper parts bright blue; under parts cinnamon-rufous. III. Length 5.50; entire plumage indigo-blue • • 766. BLUEBIRD. 598. INDIGO BUNTING.

Fourth Group.-Plumage conspicuously black, or black I. Black and white birds.

A. Throat black. a. Length over 6.00. and white. a¹. Entire under parts black; nape buffy; rump white; a musical dweller of fields and meadows; frequently sings on the wing. 1 494. BOBOLINK. a2. Breast rose-red; rest of the plumage black and white; song rapid, loud, and musical; call-note, peek; a tree dweller in rather open woodland 595. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. as. Sides rufous; rest of the plumage black and white; call-note, chewink or towhee; inhabits the undergrowth 587. TOWHEE.

APPENDIX 1. 6. Length under 6.00. 1. Crown black: cheeks white; back ashy; unstreaked; call, chick-adee, or a musical, doublenoted whistle. 735. CHICKADEE. b2. Conspicuously streaked with black and white; a tree creeper. B. Under parts white or whitish. 636. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER. a. Length 8.00; upper parts grayish slate-color; tail tipped with white; a bird of the air, catching its insect food on the wing, and occasionally sallying forth from its exposed perch in pursuit of a passing Crow; note, an unmusical, steely chatter 444. KINGBIRD. b. Length 5.75 crown black; back bluish gray; a tree creeper; call-note, yank, yank 727. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. c. Length 6.50; upper parts washed with rusty; generally seen in flocks; terrestrial; Nov. to Mch.

II. No white in the plumage. 534. SNOWFLAKE. 48S AM. CROW.

A. Length 19.00; jet black B. Length 12-00; black with metallic reflections; iris yellowish; migrates in flocks; nests usually in in flocks; nests usually in colonies in coniferous trees; voice cracked and short flights; a walker. 511. PURPLE GRACKLE. 5116. BRONZED GRACKLE.

C. Length 9.50; shoulders red; haunts marshes; call, kong-quěr-rēē. 498. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD D. Length 7.50; head and neck coffee-brown; frequently seen on the ground near cattle. 495. COWBIRD.

Fifth Group.-Without either yellow, orange, red, or blue in the plumage ; not conspicuously black, or black and white.

I. Under parts all one color, without streaks or spots. 1. Back without streaks or spots.

A. Under parts white or whitish; length under 7.50. a. Back olive, olive-green, or slaty fuscous. a1. No white line over the eye; flycatchers, capturing their prey on the wing and returning to their perch, where they sit quietly until making a fresh sally. a2. Crown blackish; frequently found nesting under bridges or about buildings; tail about buildings; tail wagged nervously; note, pewit-phæbe. i 456. PHŒBE. 467. LEAST FLYCATCHER. as. Wing-bars whitish; haunts orchards, lawns, and open woodland; note, chebèc, chebèc. a4. Haunts woodlands; generally frequents the upper branches; note, a plaintive pee-awee 461. WOOD PEWEE. 61. A white line over the eye, or wing-bars white; gleaners; patiently exploring the foliage for food or flitting about the outer branches. 2. White line over the eye bordered by a narrow black one; cap gray; iris red; song , a rambling recitative: "You see it-you know it-do you hear me?" etc. 624. RED-EYED VIREO. bs. White line over the eye not bordered by black; prefers the APPENDIX I. upper branches of rows of elms and other shade trees; song, a rich, unbroken warble with an alto undertone. 627. WARBLING VIREO. 64. No white line over the eye; eye-ring and wing-bars white; length 4.00; a tiny, unsuspicious bird; flits about the outer branches of trees and shrubs; wings twitched nervously; note, cack; song, a remarkably loud, musical whistle. b. Back gray or bluish gray. 749. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. 61. Crown black; cheeks white; a tree creeper; note, yank, yank. 727. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. • ba. A gray, crested bird; forehead black; no white in the tail; note, 731. TUFTED TIT. a whistled peto, peto, or hoarse de-de-de-de c. Back cinnamon-brown; length 4.75; a nervous, restless, excitable bird; tail carried erect; song sweet, rapid and rippling, delivered with abandon 721. HOUSE WREN.

B. Under parts white or whitish; length over 7.50. a. Upper parts grayish slate-color; a white band at the end of the tail; a concealed orange-red crest; a bird of the air, catching its insect food on the wing, and occasionally sallying forth from its exposed perch in pursuit of a passing Crow; note, an unmusical, steely chatter. 444. KINGBIRD. b. Length 12.00; slim, brownish birds with long tails; flight short and noiseless; perch in a tree, not in an exposed position; note, tuttut, cluck-cluck, and cow-cow. 387. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. 388. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. C. Under parts not white. a. Slate-color; cap and tail black; inhabits the lower growth; call-note, nasal; song highly musical and varied length 8.50 704. CATBIRD. b. Grayish brown; conspicuously crested; a black line through the eye; tail tipped with yellow; generally seen in small flocks; note 619. CEDAR WAXWING. thin and weak; length 7.00 c. Under parts cream-buff; a conspicuous whitish line over the eye; upper parts rufous-brown; movements active; tail carried erect; haunts lower growth; notes loud and striking; length 5.50. 2. Back streaked.

A. Crown rufous or chestnut without streaks. 718. CAROLINA WREN. a. Length 5-25; bill black; a whitish line over the eye; a familiar bird of lawns and door-yards; song, a monotonous chippy-chippy-chippy. 560. CHIPPING SPARROW. b. Length 5.50; bill reddish brown, back rufous, or rufous-brown; wing-bars and eye-ring whitish; haunts dry, bushy fields and pastures; song, a musical, plaintive cher-wee, cher-wee, cher-wee, cheeo, dee-dee-dee-dee 563. FIELD SPARROW. c. Length 5.50; forehead black; crown and wings chestnut-rufous; flanks pale grayish brown; haunts marshes; song, a rapidly repeated 584. SWAMP SPARROW. weet-weet-weet, etc..

APPENDIX I.

B. Crown not rufous or chestnut. a. Length 6.75; crown, blackish with a central whitish stripe; throat white; breast gray; a yellow spot before the eye; haunts in and about thickets and bushy woodlands; song, a high, clear, musical whistle; call-note, chink. 558. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. b. Length 5.50; crown finely streaked; a tree climber, winding patiently up tree trunks in search of food; tail-feathers pointed. 726. BROWN CREEPER. c. Length 5.50; bill slender; a white line over the eye; tail carried erect; haunts reedy marshes; call-note scolding; song rippling. 725. LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN.

II. Under parts white or whitish, streaked or spotted. 1. Back streaked.

A. Crown streaked; under parts conspicuously streaked. a. Outer tail-feathers white, showing conspicuously when the bird flies; length 6.00; haunts dry fields and roadsides; song loud and musical. 540. VESPER SPARROW. b. Outer tail-feathers not white.. 61. Length 6.00; plumage with a rufous-brown cast; spots on the breast tending to form one large spot in its center; haunts on or near the ground, generally in the vicinity of bushes; call-note, a characteristic chă; song musical. 581. SONG SPARROW. 62. Length 6.00; no rufous in the plumage; spots on the under parts evenly distributed; frequently seen feeding on buds or blossoms; call-note, a sharp chink, often uttered during flight; song, a sweet, flowing warble 517. PURPLE FINCH (Im.).

B. Crown not streaked, rufous-brown; under parts whitish with an indistinct blackish spot in the center of the breast; Oct. to Apl. 2. Back not streaked. 559. TREE SPARROW.

A. Upper parts rufous, olive-brown, or cinnamon-brown. a. Bill slender and thrushlike; breast spotted with blackish. a¹. Length 11.00; tail 5.00; wing-bars white; upper parts, wings, and tail uniform rufous; haunts undergrowth; sings from an exposed and generally elevated position; song loud, striking, and continuous. 705. BROWN THRASHER. b. Length under 9.00; tail under 3.00; no wing-bars. 62. Breast and sides heavily marked with large, round, black spots; head and upper back brighter than lower back and tail; call-note, a sharp pit or liquid quirt 755. WOOD THRUSH. 63. Breast with wedge-shaped black spots; sides unspotted, washed with brownish ashy; tail rufous, brighter than back; call-note, a 7596. HERMIT THRUSH. low chuck. 64. Upper breast lightly spotted with small, wedge-shaped, blackish spots; tail the same color as the back; sides white; callnote, a clearly whistled wheèu. 756. WILSON'S THRUSH. b. Bill short and stout; breast and sides heavily spotted with rufous; length 7.00; haunts on or near the ground, generally in APPENDIX I. musical or about shrubbery; call-note, tseep; song loud, ringing, and 585. FOX SPARROW.

B. Back olive-green; center of crown pale rufous, bordered by black; length 6.00; haunts on or near the ground in woodland; a walker; song, a ringing teacher, teacher, TEACHER, TEACHER, TEACHER. 674. OVEN-BIRD.

III. Throat and upper breast black or slate-color, very different from the white or chestnut belly.

A. Throat black. a. Belly and rump chestnut; head, wings, and tail black; haunts orchards, shade trees, etc.; song highly musical. 506. ORCHARD ORIOLE. 6. Belly white; sides rufous; tail black and white; haunts undergrowths; call-note, chewink or towhee 587. TOWHEE.

B. Throat slate-color. a. Back and wings slate-color; outer tail-feathers and belly white; haunts generally on or near the ground about shrubbery; Oct. to Apl. 567. JUNCO.

IV. Throat streaked with black and white; rest of under parts rufous; upper parts grayish slate-color; length 10.00 761. ROBIN.

APPENDIX II.

SINCE the publication, in May, 1895, of the first edition of the Handbook, three additional species have been recorded from eastern North America, six new races have been described, and seventeen changes have been made in nomenclature. These additions and emendations are presented below, each one being preceded by its number in the Check-List of North American Birds, published by the American Ornithologists' Union, thus showing its proper place in the body of the Handbook, where the same system of enumeration has been adopted. 89. Change Puffinus major Faber to Puffinus gravis (O'Reilly), the latter name having four years' priority. (See Salvin, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, p. 373.) 102. Add Daption capensis (Linn.). PINTADO PETREL.-A species of the occans of the southern hemisphere which has been recorded from Casco Bay, Maine. (See Coues apud Purdie, New England Bird Life, ii, p. 386.) Omitted from previous editions in error. 131.1. Add Mergus albellus Linn. SMEW.-An Old World species which has been once recorded from "northern North America." (Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvii, 1896, pp. 467, 468.) 141.1. Add Casarca casarca (Linn.). RUDDY SHELDRAKE.-An Old World species which has been once recorded from Greenland. (See Allen apud Schalow, The Auk, xiii, 1896, p. 243.) 151. Change Glaucionetta clangula americana (Bonap.) to Clangula clangula americana Bonap., the generic name Glaucionetta having been wrongly applied. (See Eighth Supplement A. O. U. Check-