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Extinct Whales and Wombats: Papers

Papers by Prof. H. F. Osborn in Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, and in Bulletins of Do.

Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalkstein der Perm-formation Boehmens. By A. Fritsch. Prague, 1883-1886.

Les Enchainements du Monde Animal. By A. Gaudry. Paris, 1883. Monograph of the Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain (Cephalaspidæ). Palæontographical Society, 1868-1870. J. Powrie and Ray Lankester.

Die Placodermen. C. H. Pander. 1857.

Geological Survey of Ohio. Palæontology, I., II. 3. JOURNALS The student will find numerous valuable papers by well-known geologists in the following Journals :- The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society.

The Geological Magazine.

Nature.

Knowledge. Papers by R. Lydekker.

The American Journal of Science. Papers by Prof. O. C. Marsh. The American Naturalist. Papers by Prof. E. D. Cope. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York. Anales de Museo Publico de Buenos Aires. Papers by H. Burmeister.

Anals de Museo de La Plata.

Actinodon, 99 Adams, Mr., 274 Æpyornis, 228 Agassiz, 5, 53, 106 A Age of mammals, 232 INDEX - of reptiles, 125, 174, 175, 197, 231 Air, action of, 12 Allosaurus, 140 Amalitzky, Prof., 107 Amblypoda, 251, 263 Amphibamus, 102 Anchisauras. See Dinosaurs Anchitherium, 245 Andrews, Dr. C. W., on Arsinoëtherium, 263 -, on elephants, 264 -, on whales, 300 Anoplotherium, 234 Anticipation of types, 174 Birds, Æpyornis, 221 -, Apteryx, 223 -, Archæopteryx, 140, 213 -, Argillornis, 220 , १ Brontornis, 229 Dasornis, 220 -, Dodo, 221 , Enaliornis, 220 evolution of, 212 Gastornis, 220 -, Hesperornis, 217 -, Ichthyornis, 219 -, Moa, 223 , , Odontopteryx, 220 oldest known, 212 Phororhacos, 222 relationship to Dinosaurs, 212 , -, Solitaire, 222 "Bone Cabin Quarry," 152 Bones, pneumatic, 205 Brains, growth of, 249, 257 Breaks in geological record, 23, 24 Brontops, 260 Buckland, Dean, on tracks, 30, 38, 62 Appearance of higher types, Huxley -, casts of, 146, 176, 257 on, 232 Apteryx, or Kiwi, 227 Archæopteryx. See Birds Archegosaurus, 73, 97 Armadillo. See Glyptodon -, habits of the, 293 Arsinoëtherium, 262 Arthropoda, 57 Atlantic Ocean, deposits in, 17 Batrachia, 85 Birds, 211 B -, on Mammoth, 272 Buffon, 6 C Cæsar, Julius, his horse, 247 Callabonna, Lake, 229, 310 Camper, 6 Carnegie, Andrew, gift of Diplodocus cast, 153 Cave-hunting, 11 INDEX Ceratosaurus. See Dinosaurs Cetacea, 296 Cetiosaurus, 156 Challenger, H.M.S., 23 Changes in rock, 14 Cheirotherium, 39, 40 Claosaurus. See Dinosaurs Classification of animals, 53, 61, 83, 85, 105, 131 Clidastes, 195 Clift, Dr., on Megatherium, 284 Climate of Lias period, 74 Collini (1784), describes bones of a Pterodactyl, 201 Connecticut Valley, 42, 49, 142 Conodonts, 31 Cope, E. D., 5, 97, 101, 194, 197 -, explorations of, 195 Correlation, law of, 7, 8, 78, 233, 237, 246 Coryphodon, 249-252 Cricotus, 98 Cuban horse with eight toes, 248 Cuttle-fishes, 14 Cuvier, 2, 5, 6, 104 on hoofed animals, 235 -, on Mammoth, 271 -, on Mosasaurus, 189 -, on Pterodactyls, 201 , restorations by, 233, 237 Cyamodus, 110 Cyclotosaurus, 103 Darwin, 8 D evolution theory, 238 obtains skeleton of a ground sloth, 288 Dasornis, 229 Daubenton, 6 Dawkins, Prof. Boyd, 11 Deane, Dr., 43, 46 Dicynodon, 108 Dimetrodon, 118 Dimorphodon. See Pterodactyls Dinocerata, 253-260 Dinosaurs, 124 -, affinities of, 126, 129, 131 -, Allosaurus, 135 و Ammosaurus, 145 -, Anchisaurus, 142 , Apatosaurus, 149 , Atlantosaurus, 148 brain cavity, casts of, 146 -, Brontosaurus, 147 -, Ceratosaurus, 137 , Cetiosaurus, 156 -, Claosaurus, 169 classification of, 131 -, Compsognathus, 144 و Cuvier on, 125 -, Diplodocus, 152 -, Dynamosaurus, 140 -, Hadrosaurus, 170 -, Hallopus, 171 -, Hoplosaurus, 157 , Hylæosaurus, 180 -, Hypsilophodon, 172 -, Iguanodon, 159 , Marsh's discoveries of, 185 -, Megalosaurus, 133 -, Morosaurus, 155 -, Ornitholestes, 140 Ornithopsis, 156 -, Pelorosaurus, 157 -, Polacanthus, 173 , Scelidosaurus, 181 -, Stegosaurus, 178 -, Schleromochlus, 172 و Thecodontosaurus, 145 , Triceratops, 182 -, Tyrannosaurus, 139 , where found, 126 -, Zanclodon, 145 Dinotherium, 268, 270 Diprotodon, 301-310 Disappearance of some types, 197 Dodo. See Birds Dolichosoma, 101 Draco Volans, 200 Dragons, 60, 199 Duck-bill, 117 E INDEX Generalized types, 255 Genyornis, 229 Gidley, Mr. J. W., 241 Glyptodon 291-293 Grampus, 300 Granger, Mr. W., 152 Grypotherium, 290 Earth-drama, 4 Edentata, 286 Elder, Sir Thomas, 307 Elephants, evolution of, 264-270 Elephas primigenius. See Mammoth Elginia, 123 Eohippus, 241 Eryops, 99 Eurypterus, 54, 55, 56 Hadrosaurus, 170 H Hagenbeck, his restorations at Hamburg, 59, 167 Harrison, Mr. J., 181 Evolution, theory of, 84, 85, 86, 96, Hatcher, Mr. J. B., 185 117, 126, 128, 231 of birds, 212 of elephants, 264 of horses, 239 of whales, 300 Expeditions, 241 Extinction of reptiles in the past, 197 F Hawkins, Mr. T., his collection of fossil reptiles, 64 -, Waterhouse, 59, 167, 182 Hesperornis. See Birds Hipparion, 244 Hitchcock, Ed., 43-48 -, Prof., on footprints, 46 Holland, Dr. W. J., 153 Home, Sir Everard, 62 Homo Diluvii Testis, 104 introduced by Spaniards in North America, 241 Horse, the evolution of, 239-249 Fayûm, The, of Egypt, 230 و Fish-lizards, how preserved, 20 -, habits of, 66 Floods, action of, 19 Flower, the late Sir Wm., on horses, 244 Flying dragons (Pterodactyls), 199 Footprints, Chap. II. See Ichnology Fossil collecting, 25 Fossils, how preserved, 10-21 Fraas, Dr., 68 Frogs, relationships of, 86 Galæsaurus, 111 G Gastornis. See Birds Hulke, J. W., 171 Hutton, Mr., on the Moa, 225 Human giant, 297 Humboldt, 19 Huxley, Prof., 18, 119, 126, 139, 239 Hyænas in caves, 11 Hydrarchos, 297 Hylæosaurus, 180 Hyperodapedon, 121 Hypsilophodon, 171 و , , , opinion of Baron Nopcsa, 172 restoration of skeleton, 172 where found, 171 Hyracotherium, 242 Hyrax (coney), 263 Y3 Ice age, 281 Ichnology, 31 Ichthyosaurus, 60 -, coprolites of, 67 , habits, 68 -, largest skull of, 68 INDEX Iguanodon, origin of name, 161-162 و , , allied to Hadrosaurus, 163 discovery at Bernissart, supposed horn, 164 flora of the Wealden period, 163 -, footprints of, 166 M. Dollo on, 166-167 , mastication, 162 -, opinion of Cuvier, 161 Impressions of insects, 23 Leeds, Mr. Alfred N., 79, 156 Leidy, Prof., 192, 259 Leiodon, 193 Limestone, 17 Lost creations, 2 Loxomma, 98 Lyell, Sir Charles, on floods, 19 一, on preservation of Ichthyosaurs, 74 Lyme Regis, fossils at, 83 M Mammals from Jurassic strata, 232 Mammoth, the, 270-282 , etymology of, 270 -, extinction of, 280 teeth of, in North Sea, 277 Indians of North America, their views Mantell, Dr. G. A., 125, 159, 161, 163, on fossil bones, 259, 273 174, 189, 192, 299, 301 -, Dr. Walter, 224 Marsh, Prof. O. C., 5 J Jardine, Sir Wm., 37 K Kangaroos, extinct, 301 "King of the Sea " (Hydrarchos), 297 King crabs, related to Pterygotus, 55, 56 Kinmont, Mr. Wm., 304, 305 Koch, Dr. Albert, 297 L Labyrinthodont, 89-103 Lake Moeris, 266 Mulligan, 305 Lakes, fossils on, 21, 25, 253 Lariosaurus, 83 Leaves, 13 * adventures of, in fossil hunting, 218, 259 -, on Brontosaurus, 146 -, on fossil birds, 217, 219 on fossil horses, 239, 241, 248 و on Pterodactyls, 208 -, on Stegosaurus, 176 on Triceratops, 183, 185 Marsupials, fossil. See Diprotodon Mastodon, 268 Mastodonsaurus, 92 Mauritius, island of, 221 Medals of Creation, 141 Megatherium, 283 -, habits of, 287 Mesohippus, 243 Metamorphism, 14, 24 Miller, Hugh, 51-55 Miohippus, 240 Moa, 223 , distribution of, 229 -, traditions about, in New Zealand, Moeris, Lake, 266 Meritherium, 265 INDEX -, recent find of, in Patagonia, 290 Molluscs, tracks of, 33 Moloch, 123 Moodie, Mr. R. L., 103 Mosasaurus. See Sea Serpents Museum, Nature's, 3 Mylodon, 287 N Neusticosaurus, 83 New Zealand, Moas in, 223 Parish, Sir Woodbine, 284, 287 Patagonia, discovery of fossil sloth in, 290 de Pauw, M., 164 Phascolomys, 309 Phenacodus, 239 Pikermi, 238 Placodus, 110 Planolites (Palæochorda), 32 Platycarpus, 195 Platypodosaurus, 110 Platypus (duck-mole), 69 Plesiosaurus, 77 Nopcsa, Baron, on Polacanthus, 172, Polacanthus, 172 173 Pliohippus, 245 -, restored skeleton, 173 Preservation of animals, 10-21 Progress, law of, 85, 86, 185, 187, 249 Propappus, 116 O Omosaurus, 175 Opisthocomas, 215 Ornithosauria, 210 Orohippus, 239-245 Orthopoda, 131 241 on Coryphodon, 252 Proterosaurus, 118 Protichnites, 35 Protohippus, 243 Protorohippus, 243 Prozeuglodon, 300 Pterodactyls, Cuvier on, 200 -, Dimorphodon, 202 و habits of, 209 Osborn, Prof. H. F., on fossil horses, Pteranodon, 207, 208 -, on Ornitholestes, 140 Oudenodon, 110 Owen, 5 -, on Anomodonts, 107 -, on Cheirotherium, 41 , on Coryphodon, 249, 250 , on Megatherium, 285, 287 -, on Diprotodon, 302, 304 -, on Moa, 223, 225 -, on tracks, 36 -, on Zeuglodon, 295 P Palæomastodon, 265 Palæontology, 5, 27 Palæotherium, 233-236 Pareiasaurus, 115, 123 -, Ramphorbynchus, 206 -, relationships, 210 -, size of, 200 Pterygotus, 52 Ptyonius. Plate VIII.